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Quick Answer
Suo moto (Latin: of one's own accord) cognizance is the court's power to initiate proceedings without a formal complaint. The Supreme Court takes suo moto cognizance in matters of grave public concern (Vinay Pratap Singh, contempt; Re-Anti-Conversion-Laws; Re-Encounter Killings). High Courts use it for compliance with their orders, public-interest matters, and contempt. Magistrate courts can take cognizance suo moto in limited circumstances under Section 210 BNSS. The power is exercised sparingly and is closely scrutinised by senior courts.
Statutory reference
Article 142, Article 226 Constitution
Related practice areas
Court's exercise of cognizance on its own motion, without a complaint. High Courts and Supreme Court take suo moto cognizance in matters of public importance, particularly contempt and constitutional rights.
Suo Moto Cognizance is governed by Article 142, Article 226 Constitution. Suo moto (Latin: of one's own accord) cognizance is the court's power to initiate proceedings without a formal complaint. The Supreme Court takes suo moto cognizance in matters of grave public concern (Vinay Pratap Singh, contempt; Re-Anti-Conversion-Laws; Re-Encounter Killings). High Courts use it for compliance with their orders, public-interest matters, and contempt. Magistrate courts can take cognizance suo moto in limited circumstances under Section 210 BNSS. The power is exercised sparingly and is closely scrutinised by senior courts.
Suo Moto Cognizance falls under Constitutional & Public Interest Law. NyaySevak matches you with a Bar-Council-verified advocate in the relevant practice area — the first consultation is free.